Congress by the numbers, 1789 to today

01 One Congress at a time

Congress119th Congress (2025–2027), still sitting118th Congress (2023–2025)117th Congress (2021–2023)116th Congress (2019–2021)115th Congress (2017–2019)114th Congress (2015–2017)113th Congress (2013–2015)112th Congress (2011–2013)111th Congress (2009–2011)110th Congress (2007–2009)109th Congress (2005–2007)108th Congress (2003–2005)107th Congress (2001–2003)106th Congress (1999–2001)105th Congress (1997–1999)104th Congress (1995–1997)103rd Congress (1993–1995)102nd Congress (1991–1993)101st Congress (1989–1991)100th Congress (1987–1989)99th Congress (1985–1987)98th Congress (1983–1985)97th Congress (1981–1983)96th Congress (1979–1981)95th Congress (1977–1979)94th Congress (1975–1977)93rd Congress (1973–1975)92nd Congress (1971–1973)91st Congress (1969–1971)90th Congress (1967–1969)89th Congress (1965–1967)88th Congress (1963–1965)87th Congress (1961–1963)86th Congress (1959–1961)85th Congress (1957–1959)84th Congress (1955–1957)83rd Congress (1953–1955)82nd Congress (1951–1953)81st Congress (1949–1951)80th Congress (1947–1949)79th Congress (1945–1947)78th Congress (1943–1945)77th Congress (1941–1943)76th Congress (1939–1941)75th Congress (1937–1939)74th Congress (1935–1937)73rd Congress (1933–1935)72nd Congress (1931–1933)71st Congress (1929–1931)70th Congress (1927–1929)69th Congress (1925–1927)68th Congress (1923–1925)67th Congress (1921–1923)66th Congress (1919–1921)65th Congress (1917–1919)64th Congress (1915–1917)63rd Congress (1913–1915)62nd Congress (1911–1913)61st Congress (1909–1911)60th Congress (1907–1909)59th Congress (1905–1907)58th Congress (1903–1905)57th Congress (1901–1903)56th Congress (1899–1901)55th Congress (1897–1899)54th Congress (1895–1897)53rd Congress (1893–1895)52nd Congress (1891–1893)51st Congress (1889–1891)50th Congress (1887–1889)49th Congress (1885–1887)48th Congress (1883–1885)47th Congress (1881–1883)46th Congress (1879–1881)45th Congress (1877–1879)44th Congress (1875–1877)43rd Congress (1873–1875)42nd Congress (1871–1873)41st Congress (1869–1871)40th Congress (1867–1869)39th Congress (1865–1867)38th Congress (1863–1865)37th Congress (1861–1863)36th Congress (1859–1861)35th Congress (1857–1859)34th Congress (1855–1857)33rd Congress (1853–1855)32nd Congress (1851–1853)31st Congress (1849–1851)30th Congress (1847–1849)29th Congress (1845–1847)28th Congress (1843–1845)27th Congress (1841–1843)26th Congress (1839–1841)25th Congress (1837–1839)24th Congress (1835–1837)23rd Congress (1833–1835)22nd Congress (1831–1833)21st Congress (1829–1831)20th Congress (1827–1829)19th Congress (1825–1827)18th Congress (1823–1825)17th Congress (1821–1823)16th Congress (1819–1821)15th Congress (1817–1819)14th Congress (1815–1817)13th Congress (1813–1815)12th Congress (1811–1813)11th Congress (1809–1811)10th Congress (1807–1809)9th Congress (1805–1807)8th Congress (1803–1805)7th Congress (1801–1803)6th Congress (1799–1801)5th Congress (1797–1799)4th Congress (1795–1797)3rd Congress (1793–1795)2nd Congress (1791–1793)1st Congress (1789–1791) Show this Congress

← 45th Congress 47th Congress →

46th Congress (1879–1881), from March 4, 1879 to March 4, 1881. Cite

Figures for the 46th Congress (1879–1881), with each one's rank among finished Congresses

Figure	House	Senate
People who servedCounts everyone who served at any time in the Congress.	30176th highest of 118 finished Congresses	8173rd highest of 118 finished Congresses
Median age at the start	48301 ages known, 28 to 7262nd highest of 118 finished Congresses	5381 ages known, 38 to 7069th highest of 118 finished Congresses
Women	0.0%0 of 301 with a recorded gender54th highest of 118 finished Congresses	0.0%0 of 81 with a recorded gender45th highest of 118 finished Congresses
Average Congresses served so far	2.291st highest of 118 finished Congresses	4.388th highest of 118 finished Congresses
In their first Congress	41.9%33rd highest of 117 finished Congresses	17.3%37th highest of 117 finished Congresses
New since the last Congress	46.2%36th highest of 117 finished Congresses	25.9%32nd highest of 117 finished Congresses
Recorded votes	43951st highest of 118 finished Congresses	57039th highest of 118 finished Congresses
Votes that split the two largest parties	76.1%Democrat and Republican19th highest of 118 finished Congresses	75.8%Democrat and Republican13th highest of 118 finished Congresses
Distance between party medians (NOMINATE)	0.79Democrat median -0.395Republican median 0.39919th highest of 118 finished Congresses	0.72Democrat median -0.430Republican median 0.28635th highest of 118 finished Congresses

Download this Congress, both chambers (CSV)

46th Congress (1879–1881). The House had 301 members over the Congress, median age 48 at the start, 0.0% women. The Senate had 81, median age 53, 0.0% women. Recorded votes: 439 in the House and 570 in the Senate.

02 Who served

The same figures for every Congress. Ages come from birth years, so each is correct to within a year. Women are counted from the congress-legislators file, which records gender for almost every member; the count used is in each table. The first panel group uses one scale for all six panels, so their heights can be compared.

• House: Women2025: 29.11%
• Senate: Women2025: 25.96%
• House: First Congress2025: 16%
• Senate: First Congress2025: 8.65%
• House: New since last time2025: 16.67%
• Senate: New since last time2025: 8.65%

Every panel uses the same scale, from 0% to 100%, so heights can be compared across panels. A break in a line means no figure for that year.

Data table: Shares of members, by Congress

Shares of members, by Congress

Year the Congress began	House: Women	Senate: Women	House: First Congress	Senate: First Congress	House: New since last time	Senate: New since last time
1789	0%	0%	No figure	No figure	No figure	No figure
1791	0%	0%	45.83%	25.81%	45.83%	25.81%
1793	0%	0%	54.55%	24.24%	58.18%	27.27%
1795	0%	0%	38.26%	27.91%	41.74%	32.56%
1797	0%	0%	42.74%	26.67%	45.3%	28.89%
1799	0%	0%	35.09%	13.16%	41.23%	18.42%
1801	0%	0%	40.35%	25%	50.88%	30.56%
1803	0%	0%	47.33%	15.91%	53.33%	27.27%
1805	0%	0%	36.91%	16.22%	37.58%	27.03%
1807	0%	0%	32.89%	23.08%	36.24%	28.21%
1809	0%	0%	35.06%	15.91%	40.91%	27.27%
1811	0%	0%	38.1%	16.22%	44.22%	18.92%
1813	0%	0%	51.53%	26.09%	57.65%	39.13%
1815	0%	0%	44.22%	25%	51.76%	29.55%
1817	0%	0%	58.46%	26.09%	66.67%	36.96%
1819	0%	0%	41.29%	17.65%	49.75%	29.41%
1821	0%	0%	45.77%	18.87%	52.24%	24.53%
1823	0%	0%	41.63%	9.43%	49.32%	18.87%
1825	0%	0%	39.11%	21.67%	43.56%	40%
1827	0%	0%	33.33%	9.43%	40.09%	15.09%
1829	0%	0%	41.63%	12.96%	47.06%	22.22%
1831	0%	0%	36.7%	20%	41.74%	34.55%
1833	0%	0%	51.16%	17.86%	57.75%	30.36%
1835	0%	0%	39.61%	23.81%	44.71%	28.57%
1837	0%	0%	48.06%	11.86%	52.71%	22.03%
1839	0%	0%	45.53%	16.67%	53.31%	25%
1841	0%	0%	37.84%	16.95%	49.81%	27.12%
1843	0%	0%	66.53%	18.33%	75.42%	28.33%
1845	0%	0%	49.17%	21.21%	54.58%	36.36%
1847	0%	0%	50.42%	25%	57.56%	31.94%
1849	0%	0%	52.87%	14.08%	59.84%	26.76%
1851	0%	0%	52.72%	19.18%	58.58%	30.14%
1853	0%	0%	60.33%	12.86%	65.29%	27.14%
1855	0%	0%	57.56%	12.5%	62.61%	26.56%
1857	0%	0%	45.34%	19.18%	51.82%	30.14%
1859	0%	0%	45.31%	15.71%	51.84%	21.43%
1861	0%	0%	52.22%	24.32%	59.61%	39.19%
1863	0%	0%	56.84%	18.18%	63.16%	27.27%
1865	0%	0%	42.57%	22.03%	51.49%	25.42%
1867	0%	0%	46.58%	28.99%	51.28%	34.78%
1869	0%	0%	48.45%	25%	52.33%	33.75%
1871	0%	0%	46.85%	18.67%	52.76%	21.33%
1873	0%	0%	51.47%	21.52%	58.96%	25.32%
1875	0%	0%	56.96%	24.39%	62.78%	30.49%
1877	0%	0%	43.89%	14.63%	49.17%	25.61%
1879	0%	0%	41.86%	17.28%	46.18%	25.93%
1881	0%	0%	32.15%	15.29%	39.23%	22.35%
1883	0%	0%	49.71%	7.69%	56.4%	14.1%
1885	0%	0%	36.94%	10.71%	43.24%	19.05%
1887	0%	0%	35.05%	10.39%	40.18%	14.29%
1889	0%	0%	37.75%	16.48%	42.54%	20.88%
1891	0%	0%	44.09%	13.54%	48.41%	18.75%
1893	0%	0%	40.48%	13.54%	44.97%	13.54%
1895	0%	0%	48.39%	13.33%	51.61%	18.89%
1897	0%	0%	39.35%	16.67%	43.4%	21.88%
1899	0%	0%	30.77%	14.74%	33.69%	17.89%
1901	0%	0%	26.81%	11.7%	28.42%	18.09%
1903	0%	0%	32.5%	8.6%	35.5%	11.83%
1905	0%	0%	22.33%	9.18%	24.81%	15.31%
1907	0%	0%	24.19%	14.71%	27.43%	19.61%
1909	0%	0%	21.64%	17.48%	22.89%	20.39%
1911	0%	0%	33.25%	28.18%	34.96%	29.09%
1913	0%	0%	36.56%	13.86%	38.33%	17.82%
1915	0%	0%	27.93%	9%	32.66%	11%
1917	0.22%	0%	19.91%	20.72%	23.19%	25.23%
1919	0%	0%	25.49%	9.9%	27.69%	13.86%
1921	0.66%	0.93%	26.49%	19.63%	30.68%	20.56%
1923	0.22%	0%	27.53%	16.35%	33.26%	19.23%
1925	0.68%	0%	16.7%	13.33%	19.41%	14.29%
1927	1.13%	0%	13.29%	11.65%	15.32%	12.62%
1929	1.97%	0%	17.51%	16.51%	20.35%	19.27%
1931	1.55%	0.94%	18.76%	16.04%	22.74%	19.81%
1933	1.57%	0.97%	36.02%	15.53%	39.37%	16.5%
1935	1.35%	1.89%	24.1%	15.09%	26.8%	16.04%
1937	1.33%	2.8%	23.11%	15.89%	24.44%	15.89%
1939	1.75%	0.96%	27.95%	13.46%	30.57%	14.42%
1941	1.98%	0.92%	17.4%	16.51%	20.48%	17.43%
1943	1.77%	0.96%	24.39%	15.38%	27.27%	16.35%
1945	2.46%	0%	17%	17.43%	20.13%	18.35%
1947	1.56%	0%	24.28%	19.39%	27.39%	22.45%
1949	2.02%	0.92%	23.82%	17.43%	28.99%	21.1%
1951	2.23%	1.01%	14.96%	6.06%	18.75%	8.08%
1953	2.49%	2.7%	19.5%	18.92%	20.63%	21.62%
1955	3.42%	1.01%	12.1%	7.07%	13.7%	8.08%
1957	3.38%	0.99%	11.49%	8.91%	12.84%	13.86%
1959	3.6%	0.97%	19.59%	12.62%	20.27%	16.5%
1961	4.01%	1.9%	15.33%	10.48%	16.67%	12.38%
1963	2.71%	1.96%	16.48%	8.82%	17.16%	10.78%
1965	2.48%	1.94%	21.4%	8.74%	22.52%	8.74%
1967	2.51%	0.99%	15.03%	6.93%	17.54%	6.93%
1969	2.23%	0.98%	11.14%	11.76%	12.03%	12.75%
1971	2.93%	1.94%	12.84%	3.88%	13.51%	5.83%
1973	3.62%	0%	17.65%	10.78%	18.1%	10.78%
1975	4.31%	0%	21.32%	8.91%	22.68%	8.91%
1977	4.08%	1.92%	16.33%	15.38%	16.55%	16.35%
1979	3.62%	0.99%	18.78%	13.86%	19%	14.85%
1981	4.95%	1.98%	18.47%	11.88%	18.69%	12.87%
1983	5.01%	1.98%	19.55%	4.95%	20%	4.95%
1985	5.24%	1.98%	10.48%	2.97%	10.93%	2.97%
1987	5.44%	1.98%	12.02%	4.95%	12.7%	5.94%
1989	6.29%	1.96%	10.11%	5.88%	10.11%	6.86%
1991	6.35%	2.94%	10.88%	3.92%	11.56%	3.92%
1993	10.74%	6.86%	27.29%	9.8%	27.29%	11.76%
1995	10.79%	8.74%	21.12%	6.8%	21.57%	7.77%
1997	12.39%	9%	17.79%	7%	18.69%	7%
1999	12.73%	8.82%	10.23%	5.88%	10.45%	6.86%
2001	13.51%	12.75%	11.04%	6.86%	11.26%	11.76%
2003	13.64%	14%	13.18%	6%	13.41%	8%
2005	15.45%	13.86%	9.77%	2.97%	10.68%	4.95%
2007	17.44%	15.69%	14.79%	7.84%	15.89%	7.84%
2009	17.4%	16.22%	15.42%	16.22%	15.42%	16.22%
2011	17.08%	16.67%	22.25%	7.84%	23.37%	10.78%
2013	18.24%	19.05%	18.47%	9.52%	20.72%	9.52%
2015	19.27%	20%	14.51%	6%	14.51%	6%
2017	19.56%	21.9%	14.44%	7.62%	14.89%	8.57%
2019	23.5%	25.49%	21.95%	5.88%	23.28%	5.88%
2021	28.57%	25.49%	15.82%	5.88%	16.7%	6.86%
2023	29.27%	24.76%	18.63%	8.57%	18.85%	8.57%
2025	29.11%	25.96%	16%	8.65%	16.67%	8.65%

Source: Voteview (UCLA), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

• House
• Senate

The line shows the middle age: half the members were older and half younger.

Data table: Median age at the start of each Congress

Median age at the start of each Congress

Year the Congress began	House	Senate
1789	44	48
1791	42	46
1793	42	41
1795	41	43
1797	41	44.50
1799	43	43.50
1801	43	44.50
1803	44.50	46
1805	43	48
1807	44	47
1809	45	48
1811	45	46
1813	44.50	45
1815	42	45
1817	41	45
1819	41	46
1821	42	48
1823	41	47
1825	42	47.50
1827	42	47
1829	43	47
1831	43	48
1833	43	48
1835	43	48
1837	42	49
1839	42	50
1841	42	47
1843	41	48
1845	42	49
1847	42	49.50
1849	42	49
1851	42	49
1853	42	48.50
1855	43	49
1857	43	49
1859	42	49
1861	44	49
1863	45	49
1865	47	50
1867	46	48
1869	45	49
1871	46	51
1873	47	50
1875	47	51
1877	48	52
1879	48	53
1881	49	53
1883	48	54
1885	48	56
1887	48	57
1889	48	57
1891	49	57
1893	48.50	57
1895	48	56.50
1897	47	56
1899	47	56
1901	48	58
1903	48	59
1905	48	58
1907	49	57
1909	50	57
1911	50	56
1913	48	56
1915	49	57
1917	50	56
1919	50	57
1921	51	58
1923	52	59
1925	53	57
1927	54	58
1929	55	58
1931	55	57
1933	53	58
1935	52	58
1937	51	59
1939	51	60
1941	51	58
1943	51	59
1945	52	58
1947	52	56.50
1949	51	57
1951	52.50	56
1953	53	57
1955	53	59
1957	53	59
1959	52	58
1961	53	59
1963	52	58.50
1965	50	59
1967	51	60
1969	52	57
1971	52	57
1973	51	56
1975	50	56
1977	50	55
1979	50	53
1981	49	52
1983	49	53
1985	49	54
1987	50	54
1989	51	55
1991	52	57
1993	51	58
1995	51	58
1997	52	57
1999	53	58
2001	54	59
2003	55.50	60
2005	56	61
2007	57	63
2009	58	62
2011	58	61.50
2013	58	62
2015	58	62
2017	59	63
2019	59	64
2021	59	65
2023	58	65
2025	58	65

Source: Voteview (UCLA), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

• House
• Senate

Two years is one Congress, so 5 means about ten years of service.

Data table: Average Congresses served so far

Average Congresses served so far

Year the Congress began	House	Senate
1789	1	1
1791	1.54	1.74
1793	1.66	2.24
1795	2.04	2.56
1797	2.06	2.64
1799	2.25	3.39
1801	2.28	3.22
1803	2.15	3.64
1805	2.40	3.89
1807	2.62	4.03
1809	2.80	4.25
1811	2.92	4.78
1813	2.40	4.02
1815	2.52	3.73
1817	1.99	3.43
1819	2.21	3.53
1821	2.27	3.89
1823	2.29	4.34
1825	2.42	4.15
1827	2.72	4.55
1829	2.57	4.46
1831	2.66	4.53
1833	2.28	4.29
1835	2.30	3.98
1837	2.19	4.29
1839	2.23	4.60
1841	2.35	4.58
1843	1.78	4.38
1845	1.90	4.38
1847	2.03	4.25
1849	1.96	4.35
1851	1.84	4.07
1853	1.76	4.03
1855	1.82	4.27
1857	2.07	4.34
1859	2.04	4.44
1861	1.94	3.80
1863	1.78	3.58
1865	2.04	3.69
1867	2.12	3.55
1869	2.07	3.55
1871	2.11	3.97
1873	2.08	3.86
1875	1.91	3.79
1877	2.08	4.09
1879	2.22	4.26
1881	2.54	4.49
1883	2.26	4.81
1885	2.45	5.14
1887	2.61	5.51
1889	2.75	5.58
1891	2.47	5.79
1893	2.63	5.70
1895	2.27	5.84
1897	2.55	5.55
1899	2.78	5.25
1901	3.05	5.76
1903	3.05	6.18
1905	3.46	6.18
1907	3.56	6.11
1909	3.80	5.65
1911	3.52	4.69
1913	3.07	4.96
1915	3.45	5.73
1917	3.71	5.48
1919	3.66	5.83
1921	3.61	5.69
1923	3.63	5.65
1925	3.97	5.69
1927	4.43	6.10
1929	4.61	6.09
1931	4.72	6.02
1933	3.82	5.87
1935	3.78	5.73
1937	3.89	5.80
1939	3.95	6.27
1941	4.24	5.93
1943	4.28	5.91
1945	4.59	5.78
1947	4.47	5.23
1949	4.48	5.37
1951	4.73	5.92
1953	4.74	5.53
1955	5.18	6.66
1957	5.57	6.86
1959	5.32	7.04
1961	5.59	7.04
1963	5.58	7.23
1965	5.22	7.63
1967	5.40	8
1969	5.63	7.52
1971	5.86	7.70
1973	5.55	7.35
1975	5.24	7.57
1977	5.01	6.81
1979	4.88	6.24
1981	4.68	5.75
1983	4.74	6.37
1985	5.16	6.77
1987	5.52	7.06
1989	5.80	7.32
1991	6.13	7.88
1993	5.13	7.80
1995	4.84	8.10
1997	4.79	7.75
1999	5.12	8.18
2001	5.46	8.36
2003	5.59	8.69
2005	5.99	9.03
2007	5.95	9.52
2009	5.97	8.71
2011	5.83	8.72
2013	5.51	8.15
2015	5.44	8.05
2017	5.60	8.09
2019	5.24	8.08
2021	5.34	8.45
2023	5.16	8.35
2025	5.27	8.34

Source: Voteview (UCLA), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

• House
• Senate

A seat that changed hands counts both people. The House has had 435 voting seats since 1913; the Senate has two per state.

Data table: People who served in each chamber

People who served in each chamber

Year the Congress began	House	Senate
1789	66	29
1791	72	31
1793	110	33
1795	115	43
1797	117	45
1799	114	38
1801	114	36
1803	150	44
1805	149	37
1807	149	39
1809	154	44
1811	147	37
1813	196	46
1815	199	44
1817	195	46
1819	201	51
1821	201	53
1823	221	53
1825	225	60
1827	222	53
1829	221	54
1831	218	55
1833	258	56
1835	255	63
1837	258	59
1839	257	60
1841	259	59
1843	236	60
1845	240	66
1847	238	72
1849	244	71
1851	239	73
1853	242	70
1855	238	64
1857	247	73
1859	245	70
1861	203	74
1863	190	55
1865	202	59
1867	234	69
1869	258	80
1871	254	75
1873	307	79
1875	309	82
1877	303	82
1879	301	81
1881	311	85
1883	344	78
1885	333	84
1887	331	77
1889	355	91
1891	347	96
1893	378	96
1895	372	90
1897	371	96
1899	377	95
1901	373	94
1903	400	93
1905	403	98
1907	401	102
1909	402	103
1911	409	110
1913	454	101
1915	444	100
1917	457	111
1919	455	101
1921	453	107
1923	454	104
1925	443	105
1927	444	103
1929	457	109
1931	453	106
1933	447	103
1935	444	106
1937	450	107
1939	458	104
1941	454	109
1943	451	104
1945	447	109
1947	449	98
1949	445	109
1951	448	99
1953	441	111
1955	438	99
1957	444	101
1959	444	103
1961	450	105
1963	443	102
1965	444	103
1967	439	101
1969	449	102
1971	444	103
1973	442	102
1975	441	101
1977	441	104
1979	442	101
1981	444	101
1983	440	101
1985	439	101
1987	441	101
1989	445	102
1991	441	102
1993	447	102
1995	445	103
1997	444	100
1999	440	102
2001	444	102
2003	440	100
2005	440	101
2007	453	102
2009	454	111
2011	445	102
2013	444	105
2015	441	100
2017	450	105
2019	451	102
2021	455	102
2023	451	105
2025	450	104

Source: Voteview (UCLA), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

Download every Congress, House (CSV)

03 How Congress votes

Voteview lists every vote in the House and Senate that was recorded by name, back to 1789. Votes by voice or show of hands are not recorded and are not counted here. A vote "splits the parties" when a majority of one of the two largest parties voted yes and a majority of the other voted no. This is a count of votes, not a judgment about any bill.

• House
• Senate

Recording rules changed over time: the House began recording most votes electronically in 1973, so counts jump after that. The 119th Congress is still sitting, so it is left off.

Data table: Recorded votes in each Congress

Recorded votes in each Congress

Year the Congress began	House	Senate
1789	109	100
1791	102	52
1793	69	79
1795	83	86
1797	155	202
1799	96	120
1801	142	88
1803	132	150
1805	158	88
1807	237	91
1809	293	167
1811	314	204
1813	352	263
1815	113	189
1817	106	132
1819	147	120
1821	95	91
1823	94	178
1825	111	234
1827	233	238
1829	273	277
1831	462	422
1833	327	229
1835	459	439
1837	475	410
1839	751	334
1841	974	822
1843	597	305
1845	642	383
1847	478	344
1849	572	499
1851	455	358
1853	607	546
1855	729	449
1857	548	702
1859	433	607
1861	638	801
1863	600	598
1865	613	501
1867	717	716
1869	634	742
1871	517	803
1873	475	420
1875	328	434
1877	377	585
1879	439	570
1881	349	986
1883	334	428
1885	306	461
1887	320	389
1889	587	526
1891	304	209
1893	373	561
1895	162	197
1897	183	381
1899	149	169
1901	185	118
1903	87	92
1905	136	128
1907	312	84
1909	202	268
1911	262	396
1913	282	572
1915	157	406
1917	266	384
1919	339	407
1921	362	751
1923	179	235
1925	114	236
1927	72	191
1929	103	436
1931	123	280
1933	143	228
1935	212	193
1937	158	174
1939	227	266
1941	152	192
1943	156	220
1945	231	244
1947	163	248
1949	275	455
1951	181	313
1953	147	271
1955	149	217
1957	193	307
1959	180	422
1961	240	428
1963	232	534
1965	394	497
1967	478	596
1969	443	666
1971	649	955
1973	1,078	1,138
1975	1,273	1,311
1977	1,540	1,156
1979	1,276	1,054
1981	812	966
1983	906	663
1985	890	740
1987	939	799
1989	879	638
1991	901	550
1993	1,094	724
1995	1,321	919
1997	1,166	612
1999	1,209	672
2001	990	633
2003	1,218	675
2005	1,210	645
2007	1,865	657
2009	1,647	696
2011	1,602	486
2013	1,202	657
2015	1,322	502
2017	1,207	599
2019	952	720
2021	996	949
2023	1,235	691

Source: Voteview (UCLA), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

• House
• Senate

In the first Congresses the two largest groups were Pro- and Anti-Administration; in the 20th they were Jackson and Adams supporters. Names are as Voteview gives them.

Data table: Votes that split the two largest parties

Votes that split the two largest parties

Year the Congress began	House	Senate
1789	59.63%	52%
1791	73.53%	48.08%
1793	79.71%	72.15%
1795	66.27%	76.74%
1797	83.87%	72.28%
1799	85.42%	75%
1801	78.87%	69.32%
1803	71.97%	57.33%
1805	56.96%	53.41%
1807	59.07%	59.34%
1809	70.99%	53.89%
1811	78.98%	61.76%
1813	86.08%	70.72%
1815	57.52%	40.21%
1817	45.28%	28.03%
1819	31.97%	37.5%
1821	16.84%	25.27%
1823	21.28%	33.15%
1825	63.06%	52.14%
1827	74.25%	70.59%
1829	67.03%	70.76%
1831	75.32%	67.3%
1833	70.64%	69%
1835	65.8%	60.82%
1837	69.26%	52.68%
1839	77.63%	64.97%
1841	79.57%	84.55%
1843	75.71%	68.85%
1845	76.95%	72.85%
1847	75.73%	52.91%
1849	73.78%	51.5%
1851	51.21%	47.49%
1853	66.06%	40.84%
1855	80.52%	47.66%
1857	72.45%	71.08%
1859	81.52%	69.69%
1861	71.94%	52.93%
1863	81.5%	59.53%
1865	73.74%	56.49%
1867	73.6%	56.01%
1869	73.5%	60.27%
1871	73.31%	68.37%
1873	74.53%	63.57%
1875	70.43%	67.05%
1877	73.67%	67.35%
1879	76.08%	75.76%
1881	78.55%	82.05%
1883	65.87%	66.12%
1885	66.34%	65.08%
1887	53.92%	79.43%
1889	82.98%	79.85%
1891	46.36%	61.24%
1893	56.42%	72.91%
1895	70.37%	58.88%
1897	80.33%	77.95%
1899	77.18%	76.33%
1901	67.03%	78.81%
1903	90.8%	78.26%
1905	73.53%	65.63%
1907	56.41%	65.48%
1909	79.7%	79.1%
1911	60.31%	56.57%
1913	62.06%	73.25%
1915	57.96%	59.61%
1917	44.74%	43.23%
1919	46.02%	63.64%
1921	59.67%	75.1%
1923	58.66%	46.38%
1925	43.86%	43.22%
1927	52.78%	41.36%
1929	59.22%	65.6%
1931	58.54%	38.93%
1933	72.73%	67.54%
1935	59.91%	51.3%
1937	63.92%	62.64%
1939	71.81%	61.65%
1941	43.42%	54.69%
1943	50%	56.82%
1945	48.05%	55.33%
1947	45.4%	62.9%
1949	50.91%	62.64%
1951	60.77%	62.62%
1953	46.26%	49.82%
1955	42.28%	45.62%
1957	49.74%	40.39%
1959	54.44%	43.36%
1961	49.17%	52.8%
1963	51.72%	41.2%
1965	47.72%	45.47%
1967	35.56%	33.22%
1969	28.67%	36.19%
1971	32.82%	38.74%
1973	36.18%	41.12%
1975	42.34%	41.19%
1977	37.66%	43.9%
1979	42.71%	45.64%
1981	36.95%	45.34%
1983	51.77%	40.87%
1985	58.76%	50.54%
1987	55.91%	41.78%
1989	53.7%	44.83%
1991	59.93%	51.09%
1993	63.8%	60.08%
1995	67.37%	66.7%
1997	52.74%	53.1%
1999	45.24%	56.55%
2001	41.62%	51.03%
2003	49.59%	62.07%
2005	51.49%	60.31%
2007	58.82%	57.23%
2009	46.51%	75%
2011	74.53%	55.35%
2013	70.47%	68.04%
2015	74.43%	61.75%
2017	68.85%	60.1%
2019	68.49%	58.19%
2021	57.63%	80.93%
2023	70.53%	77.86%
2025	70.03%	91.91%

Source: Voteview (UCLA), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

• House
• Senate

Data table: Votes that split the parties 90 to 10 or more

Votes that split the parties 90 to 10 or more

Year the Congress began	House	Senate
1789	0%	0%
1791	0%	0%
1793	4.35%	21.52%
1795	10.84%	22.09%
1797	38.71%	12.38%
1799	41.67%	17.5%
1801	38.73%	40.91%
1803	21.97%	13.33%
1805	1.9%	6.82%
1807	5.91%	12.09%
1809	23.55%	10.18%
1811	13.06%	1.96%
1813	32.1%	3.8%
1815	1.77%	1.06%
1817	0%	0%
1819	0%	0%
1821	0%	0%
1823	0%	0%
1825	0%	5.13%
1827	2.15%	3.36%
1829	0%	17.69%
1831	1.3%	4.27%
1833	1.53%	15.72%
1835	8.5%	10.25%
1837	14.11%	3.66%
1839	24.1%	10.78%
1841	15.91%	42.09%
1843	12.06%	22.3%
1845	11.06%	17.23%
1847	17.57%	6.4%
1849	8.04%	1.4%
1851	1.1%	2.51%
1853	0.82%	0.18%
1855	17.28%	0%
1857	11.13%	16.38%
1859	25.4%	22.08%
1861	22.1%	9.49%
1863	34%	7.86%
1865	26.59%	11.38%
1867	31.28%	7.68%
1869	19.87%	9.05%
1871	14.31%	9.22%
1873	31.16%	15.48%
1875	29.88%	21.66%
1877	27.39%	22.91%
1879	31.21%	42.25%
1881	33.04%	36.92%
1883	9.88%	14.49%
1885	16.99%	15.18%
1887	9.72%	48.07%
1889	47.37%	41.63%
1891	7.28%	9.09%
1893	24.78%	42.6%
1895	19.75%	6.6%
1897	44.81%	36.22%
1899	44.97%	33.73%
1901	40.54%	39.83%
1903	65.52%	40.22%
1905	33.82%	27.34%
1907	31.73%	19.05%
1909	29.21%	14.93%
1911	26.34%	10.35%
1913	22.34%	27.27%
1915	21.66%	15.76%
1917	9.02%	3.65%
1919	14.75%	13.27%
1921	21.82%	22.24%
1923	9.5%	4.26%
1925	6.14%	1.69%
1927	4.17%	8.9%
1929	19.42%	0%
1931	13.82%	0.71%
1933	22.38%	3.51%
1935	16.51%	2.59%
1937	12.66%	1.72%
1939	19.38%	2.26%
1941	9.87%	5.21%
1943	9.62%	3.18%
1945	11.69%	3.69%
1947	14.72%	8.87%
1949	8.73%	6.37%
1951	4.97%	4.79%
1953	5.44%	7.75%
1955	6.71%	8.29%
1957	5.18%	3.58%
1959	4.44%	2.84%
1961	5.42%	3.5%
1963	6.47%	2.06%
1965	1.78%	1.61%
1967	2.93%	0.84%
1969	0.45%	1.05%
1971	1.08%	2.09%
1973	1.39%	0.53%
1975	1.34%	2.21%
1977	0.78%	0.52%
1979	2.27%	2.66%
1981	1.72%	7.97%
1983	3.86%	3.62%
1985	5.96%	4.19%
1987	8.2%	6.4%
1989	6.14%	4.39%
1991	12.32%	7.64%
1993	20.2%	17.27%
1995	23.39%	22.96%
1997	18.52%	16.99%
1999	16.46%	29.46%
2001	19.29%	14.85%
2003	28.41%	34.37%
2005	26.45%	24.65%
2007	35.6%	15.98%
2009	25.44%	37.36%
2011	43.32%	20.16%
2013	47.34%	41.7%
2015	56.81%	34.46%
2017	53.77%	41.07%
2019	52%	40.42%
2021	45.58%	46.26%
2023	48.83%	51.81%
2025	58.16%	77.05%

Source: Voteview (UCLA), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

Where the middle member of each party sits (NOMINATE)

NOMINATE gives each member a score from roughly −1 to +1 based on how they voted compared with everyone else. It is an academic measure from Voteview, calculated from roll-call votes, and it describes patterns in voting, not what anyone believes. The lines show the middle score of each party's members. The gap between the two parties' middles is the common measure of how far apart the parties are.

ChamberHouseSenate

• Democratic Party
• Republican Party

Drawn only for Congresses in which the party was one of the two largest in the chamber. Democrats and Republicans are named in the key; earlier parties appear in the table of every Congress. A break in a line means no figure was published or held for that year. It does not mean zero.

Data table: Middle NOMINATE score of each party, House

Middle NOMINATE score of each party, House

Year the Congress began	Democratic Party	Republican Party
1789	No figure	No figure
1791	No figure	No figure
1793	No figure	No figure
1795	No figure	No figure
1797	No figure	No figure
1799	No figure	No figure
1801	No figure	No figure
1803	No figure	No figure
1805	No figure	No figure
1807	No figure	No figure
1809	No figure	No figure
1811	No figure	No figure
1813	No figure	No figure
1815	No figure	No figure
1817	No figure	No figure
1819	No figure	No figure
1821	No figure	No figure
1823	No figure	No figure
1825	No figure	No figure
1827	No figure	No figure
1829	No figure	No figure
1831	No figure	No figure
1833	No figure	No figure
1835	No figure	No figure
1837	−0.28	No figure
1839	−0.30	No figure
1841	−0.35	No figure
1843	−0.28	No figure
1845	−0.29	No figure
1847	−0.34	No figure
1849	−0.37	No figure
1851	−0.30	No figure
1853	−0.31	No figure
1855	−0.43	No figure
1857	−0.34	0.32
1859	−0.44	0.29
1861	−0.28	0.32
1863	−0.31	0.35
1865	−0.34	0.31
1867	−0.36	0.31
1869	−0.37	0.33
1871	−0.35	0.33
1873	−0.38	0.33
1875	−0.36	0.36
1877	−0.38	0.38
1879	−0.40	0.40
1881	−0.40	0.39
1883	−0.34	0.39
1885	−0.36	0.39
1887	−0.38	0.40
1889	−0.38	0.41
1891	−0.32	0.43
1893	−0.34	0.44
1895	−0.42	0.43
1897	−0.40	0.44
1899	−0.36	0.44
1901	−0.37	0.44
1903	−0.37	0.44
1905	−0.40	0.44
1907	−0.37	0.44
1909	−0.37	0.43
1911	−0.32	0.41
1913	−0.30	0.40
1915	−0.32	0.41
1917	−0.31	0.40
1919	−0.32	0.41
1921	−0.31	0.40
1923	−0.28	0.41
1925	−0.27	0.40
1927	−0.27	0.39
1929	−0.27	0.38
1931	−0.25	0.38
1933	−0.24	0.35
1935	−0.24	0.32
1937	−0.24	0.32
1939	−0.23	0.30
1941	−0.24	0.32
1943	−0.23	0.30
1945	−0.26	0.30
1947	−0.22	0.28
1949	−0.30	0.27
1951	−0.29	0.27
1953	−0.27	0.28
1955	−0.31	0.27
1957	−0.31	0.27
1959	−0.31	0.26
1961	−0.30	0.25
1963	−0.33	0.25
1965	−0.33	0.24
1967	−0.34	0.24
1969	−0.35	0.24
1971	−0.34	0.25
1973	−0.35	0.25
1975	−0.34	0.25
1977	−0.32	0.26
1979	−0.32	0.28
1981	−0.32	0.31
1983	−0.32	0.33
1985	−0.32	0.34
1987	−0.32	0.35
1989	−0.32	0.34
1991	−0.32	0.35
1993	−0.34	0.38
1995	−0.38	0.39
1997	−0.38	0.39
1999	−0.38	0.39
2001	−0.39	0.40
2003	−0.38	0.40
2005	−0.39	0.41
2007	−0.38	0.43
2009	−0.35	0.45
2011	−0.40	0.47
2013	−0.39	0.49
2015	−0.40	0.49
2017	−0.39	0.50
2019	−0.38	0.51
2021	−0.39	0.50
2023	−0.39	0.50
2025	−0.40	0.53

Source: Voteview (UCLA), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

• House
• Senate

A larger number means the typical member of each party votes further from the typical member of the other.

Data table: Distance between the two largest parties' middle scores

Distance between the two largest parties' middle scores

Year the Congress began	House	Senate
1789	0.56	0.67
1791	0.56	0.84
1793	0.66	0.94
1795	0.70	0.99
1797	0.73	1.08
1799	0.69	0.90
1801	0.67	0.92
1803	0.71	0.88
1805	0.71	0.77
1807	0.70	0.68
1809	0.69	0.71
1811	0.69	0.72
1813	0.67	0.78
1815	0.64	0.63
1817	0.45	0.56
1819	0.29	0.63
1821	0.25	0.54
1823	0.24	0.16
1825	0.42	0.51
1827	0.50	0.45
1829	0.56	0.49
1831	0.58	0.57
1833	0.46	0.66
1835	0.36	0.62
1837	0.46	0.52
1839	0.51	0.62
1841	0.53	0.62
1843	0.53	0.63
1845	0.52	0.71
1847	0.58	0.61
1849	0.67	0.62
1851	0.59	0.49
1853	0.57	0.41
1855	0.75	0.62
1857	0.66	0.69
1859	0.73	0.69
1861	0.60	0.64
1863	0.65	0.57
1865	0.65	0.55
1867	0.67	0.71
1869	0.70	0.70
1871	0.68	0.74
1873	0.71	0.71
1875	0.73	0.69
1877	0.76	0.69
1879	0.79	0.72
1881	0.79	0.75
1883	0.72	0.74
1885	0.75	0.72
1887	0.78	0.74
1889	0.79	0.75
1891	0.75	0.74
1893	0.78	0.74
1895	0.85	0.74
1897	0.83	0.80
1899	0.80	0.82
1901	0.81	0.80
1903	0.81	0.83
1905	0.84	0.83
1907	0.81	0.82
1909	0.80	0.80
1911	0.73	0.72
1913	0.71	0.70
1915	0.73	0.72
1917	0.71	0.67
1919	0.73	0.71
1921	0.72	0.70
1923	0.69	0.69
1925	0.67	0.69
1927	0.66	0.68
1929	0.64	0.69
1931	0.63	0.61
1933	0.59	0.54
1935	0.56	0.49
1937	0.56	0.48
1939	0.54	0.47
1941	0.55	0.48
1943	0.53	0.47
1945	0.56	0.48
1947	0.50	0.48
1949	0.58	0.47
1951	0.56	0.48
1953	0.55	0.48
1955	0.57	0.52
1957	0.57	0.52
1959	0.57	0.52
1961	0.55	0.57
1963	0.58	0.54
1965	0.57	0.62
1967	0.58	0.59
1969	0.59	0.59
1971	0.59	0.58
1973	0.60	0.60
1975	0.59	0.60
1977	0.59	0.62
1979	0.60	0.59
1981	0.63	0.61
1983	0.65	0.60
1985	0.66	0.60
1987	0.67	0.62
1989	0.66	0.62
1991	0.67	0.62
1993	0.71	0.66
1995	0.77	0.67
1997	0.77	0.69
1999	0.78	0.68
2001	0.79	0.69
2003	0.79	0.67
2005	0.80	0.71
2007	0.81	0.71
2009	0.80	0.72
2011	0.87	0.73
2013	0.88	0.76
2015	0.89	0.78
2017	0.89	0.80
2019	0.89	0.80
2021	0.88	0.85
2023	0.89	0.88
2025	0.93	0.92

Source: Voteview (UCLA), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

04 Bills and laws

Bills introduced are counted from the 93rd Congress (1973), the first for which Congress.gov lists bills completely; the site holds partial lists for earlier Congresses, which are not shown as counts. Public laws are those GovInfo lists in the Statutes at Large and the public-law series. A Congress that GovInfo's listing held here does not cover shows no figure. The Congress still sitting is left off.

• Introduced

A break in a line means no figure was published or held for that year. It does not mean zero.

Data table: Bills and resolutions introduced, by Congress

Bills and resolutions introduced, by Congress

Year the Congress began	Introduced
1789	No figure
1791	No figure
1793	No figure
1795	No figure
1797	No figure
1799	No figure
1801	No figure
1803	No figure
1805	No figure
1807	No figure
1809	No figure
1811	No figure
1813	No figure
1815	No figure
1817	No figure
1819	No figure
1821	No figure
1823	No figure
1825	No figure
1827	No figure
1829	No figure
1831	No figure
1833	No figure
1835	No figure
1837	No figure
1839	No figure
1841	No figure
1843	No figure
1845	No figure
1847	No figure
1849	No figure
1851	No figure
1853	No figure
1855	No figure
1857	No figure
1859	No figure
1861	No figure
1863	No figure
1865	No figure
1867	No figure
1869	No figure
1871	No figure
1873	No figure
1875	No figure
1877	No figure
1879	No figure
1881	No figure
1883	No figure
1885	No figure
1887	No figure
1889	No figure
1891	No figure
1893	No figure
1895	No figure
1897	No figure
1899	No figure
1901	No figure
1903	No figure
1905	No figure
1907	No figure
1909	No figure
1911	No figure
1913	No figure
1915	No figure
1917	No figure
1919	No figure
1921	No figure
1923	No figure
1925	No figure
1927	No figure
1929	No figure
1931	No figure
1933	No figure
1935	No figure
1937	No figure
1939	No figure
1941	No figure
1943	No figure
1945	No figure
1947	No figure
1949	No figure
1951	No figure
1953	No figure
1955	No figure
1957	No figure
1959	No figure
1961	No figure
1963	No figure
1965	No figure
1967	No figure
1969	No figure
1971	No figure
1973	26,222
1975	24,285
1977	22,313
1979	14,590
1981	13,236
1983	12,202
1985	11,602
1987	11,278
1989	11,787
1991	12,016
1993	9,822
1995	7,991
1997	9,141
1999	10,840
2001	10,791
2003	10,667
2005	13,068
2007	14,038
2009	13,675
2011	12,299
2013	10,636
2015	12,063
2017	13,555
2019	16,601
2021	17,817
2023	19,315

Source: Congress.gov (Library of Congress), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

• Public laws

Before the 57th Congress (1901) GovInfo does not number public laws, so the count is of acts listed in the Statutes at Large. A break in a line means no figure was published or held for that year. It does not mean zero.

Data table: Public laws enacted, by Congress

Public laws enacted, by Congress

Year the Congress began	Public laws
1789	No figure
1791	No figure
1793	No figure
1795	No figure
1797	No figure
1799	No figure
1801	No figure
1803	No figure
1805	No figure
1807	0
1809	No figure
1811	No figure
1813	No figure
1815	No figure
1817	No figure
1819	No figure
1821	No figure
1823	No figure
1825	No figure
1827	0
1829	No figure
1831	No figure
1833	No figure
1835	No figure
1837	No figure
1839	No figure
1841	No figure
1843	No figure
1845	117
1847	142
1849	88
1851	113
1853	161
1855	128
1857	100
1859	131
1861	335
1863	318
1865	306
1867	226
1869	313
1871	514
1873	No figure
1875	251
1877	255
1879	288
1881	330
1883	219
1885	367
1887	508
1889	531
1891	347
1893	374
1895	356
1897	449
1899	383
1901	252
1903	264
1905	416
1907	325
1909	525
1911	426
1913	373
1915	399
1917	348
1919	375
1921	549
1923	595
1925	806
1927	1,009
1929	897
1931	429
1933	486
1935	849
1937	788
1939	892
1941	852
1943	568
1945	733
1947	906
1949	908
1951	607
1953	781
1955	1,028
1957	936
1959	800
1961	885
1963	666
1965	810
1967	640
1969	695
1971	607
1973	651
1975	588
1977	633
1979	613
1981	473
1983	623
1985	664
1987	713
1989	650
1991	590
1993	465
1995	333
1997	394
1999	580
2001	377
2003	498
2005	482
2007	460
2009	383
2011	283
2013	296
2015	329
2017	442
2019	344
2021	362
2023	274

Source: GovInfo (Government Publishing Office), via Power & Politics. As of November 2, 2026.

05 Rankings

FigurePeople who servedMedian age at the startAverage age at the startWomenAverage Congresses served so farIn their first CongressNew since the last CongressRecorded votesVotes that split the two largest partiesVotes that split them 90 to 10 or moreDistance between party medians (NOMINATE)Bills and resolutions introducedPublic laws enacted ChamberHouseSenateBoth chambers Rank the Congresses

Age in years at the start of the Congress (the first calendar year of the Congress minus the birth year). People whose birth year Voteview does not give are left out, and the count used is shown. Only Congresses that have ended are ranked. For bills and laws the chamber is ignored.

Highest ten, Median age at the start, House

Highest ten Congresses by Median age at the start

Congress	Years	Median age at the start
115th Congress	2017–2019	59
116th Congress	2019–2021	59
117th Congress	2021–2023	59
111th Congress	2009–2011	58
112th Congress	2011–2013	58
113th Congress	2013–2015	58
114th Congress	2015–2017	58
118th Congress	2023–2025	58
110th Congress	2007–2009	57
109th Congress	2005–2007	56

Lowest ten, Median age at the start, House

Lowest ten Congresses by Median age at the start

Congress	Years	Median age at the start
4th Congress	1795–1797	41
5th Congress	1797–1799	41
15th Congress	1817–1819	41
16th Congress	1819–1821	41
18th Congress	1823–1825	41
28th Congress	1843–1845	41
2nd Congress	1791–1793	42
3rd Congress	1793–1795	42
14th Congress	1815–1817	42
17th Congress	1821–1823	42

Download the full ranking, highest first (CSV)

06 Compare two Congresses

First119th Congress (2025–2027), still sitting118th Congress (2023–2025)117th Congress (2021–2023)116th Congress (2019–2021)115th Congress (2017–2019)114th Congress (2015–2017)113th Congress (2013–2015)112th Congress (2011–2013)111th Congress (2009–2011)110th Congress (2007–2009)109th Congress (2005–2007)108th Congress (2003–2005)107th Congress (2001–2003)106th Congress (1999–2001)105th Congress (1997–1999)104th Congress (1995–1997)103rd Congress (1993–1995)102nd Congress (1991–1993)101st Congress (1989–1991)100th Congress (1987–1989)99th Congress (1985–1987)98th Congress (1983–1985)97th Congress (1981–1983)96th Congress (1979–1981)95th Congress (1977–1979)94th Congress (1975–1977)93rd Congress (1973–1975)92nd Congress (1971–1973)91st Congress (1969–1971)90th Congress (1967–1969)89th Congress (1965–1967)88th Congress (1963–1965)87th Congress (1961–1963)86th Congress (1959–1961)85th Congress (1957–1959)84th Congress (1955–1957)83rd Congress (1953–1955)82nd Congress (1951–1953)81st Congress (1949–1951)80th Congress (1947–1949)79th Congress (1945–1947)78th Congress (1943–1945)77th Congress (1941–1943)76th Congress (1939–1941)75th Congress (1937–1939)74th Congress (1935–1937)73rd Congress (1933–1935)72nd Congress (1931–1933)71st Congress (1929–1931)70th Congress (1927–1929)69th Congress (1925–1927)68th Congress (1923–1925)67th Congress (1921–1923)66th Congress (1919–1921)65th Congress (1917–1919)64th Congress (1915–1917)63rd Congress (1913–1915)62nd Congress (1911–1913)61st Congress (1909–1911)60th Congress (1907–1909)59th Congress (1905–1907)58th Congress (1903–1905)57th Congress (1901–1903)56th Congress (1899–1901)55th Congress (1897–1899)54th Congress (1895–1897)53rd Congress (1893–1895)52nd Congress (1891–1893)51st Congress (1889–1891)50th Congress (1887–1889)49th Congress (1885–1887)48th Congress (1883–1885)47th Congress (1881–1883)46th Congress (1879–1881)45th Congress (1877–1879)44th Congress (1875–1877)43rd Congress (1873–1875)42nd Congress (1871–1873)41st Congress (1869–1871)40th Congress (1867–1869)39th Congress (1865–1867)38th Congress (1863–1865)37th Congress (1861–1863)36th Congress (1859–1861)35th Congress (1857–1859)34th Congress (1855–1857)33rd Congress (1853–1855)32nd Congress (1851–1853)31st Congress (1849–1851)30th Congress (1847–1849)29th Congress (1845–1847)28th Congress (1843–1845)27th Congress (1841–1843)26th Congress (1839–1841)25th Congress (1837–1839)24th Congress (1835–1837)23rd Congress (1833–1835)22nd Congress (1831–1833)21st Congress (1829–1831)20th Congress (1827–1829)19th Congress (1825–1827)18th Congress (1823–1825)17th Congress (1821–1823)16th Congress (1819–1821)15th Congress (1817–1819)14th Congress (1815–1817)13th Congress (1813–1815)12th Congress (1811–1813)11th Congress (1809–1811)10th Congress (1807–1809)9th Congress (1805–1807)8th Congress (1803–1805)7th Congress (1801–1803)6th Congress (1799–1801)5th Congress (1797–1799)4th Congress (1795–1797)3rd Congress (1793–1795)2nd Congress (1791–1793)1st Congress (1789–1791) Second119th Congress (2025–2027), still sitting118th Congress (2023–2025)117th Congress (2021–2023)116th Congress (2019–2021)115th Congress (2017–2019)114th Congress (2015–2017)113th Congress (2013–2015)112th Congress (2011–2013)111th Congress (2009–2011)110th Congress (2007–2009)109th Congress (2005–2007)108th Congress (2003–2005)107th Congress (2001–2003)106th Congress (1999–2001)105th Congress (1997–1999)104th Congress (1995–1997)103rd Congress (1993–1995)102nd Congress (1991–1993)101st Congress (1989–1991)100th Congress (1987–1989)99th Congress (1985–1987)98th Congress (1983–1985)97th Congress (1981–1983)96th Congress (1979–1981)95th Congress (1977–1979)94th Congress (1975–1977)93rd Congress (1973–1975)92nd Congress (1971–1973)91st Congress (1969–1971)90th Congress (1967–1969)89th Congress (1965–1967)88th Congress (1963–1965)87th Congress (1961–1963)86th Congress (1959–1961)85th Congress (1957–1959)84th Congress (1955–1957)83rd Congress (1953–1955)82nd Congress (1951–1953)81st Congress (1949–1951)80th Congress (1947–1949)79th Congress (1945–1947)78th Congress (1943–1945)77th Congress (1941–1943)76th Congress (1939–1941)75th Congress (1937–1939)74th Congress (1935–1937)73rd Congress (1933–1935)72nd Congress (1931–1933)71st Congress (1929–1931)70th Congress (1927–1929)69th Congress (1925–1927)68th Congress (1923–1925)67th Congress (1921–1923)66th Congress (1919–1921)65th Congress (1917–1919)64th Congress (1915–1917)63rd Congress (1913–1915)62nd Congress (1911–1913)61st Congress (1909–1911)60th Congress (1907–1909)59th Congress (1905–1907)58th Congress (1903–1905)57th Congress (1901–1903)56th Congress (1899–1901)55th Congress (1897–1899)54th Congress (1895–1897)53rd Congress (1893–1895)52nd Congress (1891–1893)51st Congress (1889–1891)50th Congress (1887–1889)49th Congress (1885–1887)48th Congress (1883–1885)47th Congress (1881–1883)46th Congress (1879–1881)45th Congress (1877–1879)44th Congress (1875–1877)43rd Congress (1873–1875)42nd Congress (1871–1873)41st Congress (1869–1871)40th Congress (1867–1869)39th Congress (1865–1867)38th Congress (1863–1865)37th Congress (1861–1863)36th Congress (1859–1861)35th Congress (1857–1859)34th Congress (1855–1857)33rd Congress (1853–1855)32nd Congress (1851–1853)31st Congress (1849–1851)30th Congress (1847–1849)29th Congress (1845–1847)28th Congress (1843–1845)27th Congress (1841–1843)26th Congress (1839–1841)25th Congress (1837–1839)24th Congress (1835–1837)23rd Congress (1833–1835)22nd Congress (1831–1833)21st Congress (1829–1831)20th Congress (1827–1829)19th Congress (1825–1827)18th Congress (1823–1825)17th Congress (1821–1823)16th Congress (1819–1821)15th Congress (1817–1819)14th Congress (1815–1817)13th Congress (1813–1815)12th Congress (1811–1813)11th Congress (1809–1811)10th Congress (1807–1809)9th Congress (1805–1807)8th Congress (1803–1805)7th Congress (1801–1803)6th Congress (1799–1801)5th Congress (1797–1799)4th Congress (1795–1797)3rd Congress (1793–1795)2nd Congress (1791–1793)1st Congress (1789–1791) Compare

Choose two, or try the 93rd against the 118th or the 1st against the 118th.

07 Every Congress

ChamberHouseSenate

Newest first. The Congress still sitting is marked with a gold edge; its counts are not final.

Every Congress, House

Congress	Years	People	Median age	Women	Avg Congresses served	First Congress	New since last	Votes	Split the parties	Party gap	Public laws
119thSitting	2025–2027	450	58	29.1%	5.3	16.0%	16.7%	674	70.0%	0.93	136
118th	2023–2025	451	58	29.3%	5.2	18.6%	18.8%	1,235	70.5%	0.89	274
117th	2021–2023	455	59	28.6%	5.3	15.8%	16.7%	996	57.6%	0.88	362
116th	2019–2021	451	59	23.5%	5.2	22.0%	23.3%	952	68.5%	0.89	344
115th	2017–2019	450	59	19.6%	5.6	14.4%	14.9%	1,207	68.8%	0.89	442
114th	2015–2017	441	58	19.3%	5.4	14.5%	14.5%	1,322	74.4%	0.89	329
113th	2013–2015	444	58	18.2%	5.5	18.5%	20.7%	1,202	70.5%	0.88	296
112th	2011–2013	445	58	17.1%	5.8	22.2%	23.4%	1,602	74.5%	0.87	283
111th	2009–2011	454	58	17.4%	6.0	15.4%	15.4%	1,647	46.5%	0.80	383
110th	2007–2009	453	57	17.4%	6.0	14.8%	15.9%	1,865	58.8%	0.81	460
109th	2005–2007	440	56	15.5%	6.0	9.8%	10.7%	1,210	51.5%	0.80	482
108th	2003–2005	440	55.5	13.6%	5.6	13.2%	13.4%	1,218	49.6%	0.79	498
107th	2001–2003	444	54	13.5%	5.5	11.0%	11.3%	990	41.6%	0.79	377
106th	1999–2001	440	53	12.7%	5.1	10.2%	10.5%	1,209	45.2%	0.78	580
105th	1997–1999	444	52	12.4%	4.8	17.8%	18.7%	1,166	52.7%	0.77	394
104th	1995–1997	445	51	10.8%	4.8	21.1%	21.6%	1,321	67.4%	0.77	333
103rd	1993–1995	447	51	10.7%	5.1	27.3%	27.3%	1,094	63.8%	0.71	465
102nd	1991–1993	441	52	6.3%	6.1	10.9%	11.6%	901	59.9%	0.67	590
101st	1989–1991	445	51	6.3%	5.8	10.1%	10.1%	879	53.7%	0.66	650
100th	1987–1989	441	50	5.4%	5.5	12.0%	12.7%	939	55.9%	0.67	713
99th	1985–1987	439	49	5.2%	5.2	10.5%	10.9%	890	58.8%	0.66	664
98th	1983–1985	440	49	5.0%	4.7	19.5%	20.0%	906	51.8%	0.65	623
97th	1981–1983	444	49	5.0%	4.7	18.5%	18.7%	812	36.9%	0.63	473
96th	1979–1981	442	50	3.6%	4.9	18.8%	19.0%	1,276	42.7%	0.60	613
95th	1977–1979	441	50	4.1%	5.0	16.3%	16.6%	1,540	37.7%	0.59	633
94th	1975–1977	441	50	4.3%	5.2	21.3%	22.7%	1,273	42.3%	0.59	588
93rd	1973–1975	442	51	3.6%	5.6	17.6%	18.1%	1,078	36.2%	0.60	651
92nd	1971–1973	444	52	2.9%	5.9	12.8%	13.5%	649	32.8%	0.59	607
91st	1969–1971	449	52	2.2%	5.6	11.1%	12.0%	443	28.7%	0.59	695
90th	1967–1969	439	51	2.5%	5.4	15.0%	17.5%	478	35.6%	0.58	640
89th	1965–1967	444	50	2.5%	5.2	21.4%	22.5%	394	47.7%	0.57	810
88th	1963–1965	443	52	2.7%	5.6	16.5%	17.2%	232	51.7%	0.58	666
87th	1961–1963	450	53	4.0%	5.6	15.3%	16.7%	240	49.2%	0.55	885
86th	1959–1961	444	52	3.6%	5.3	19.6%	20.3%	180	54.4%	0.57	800
85th	1957–1959	444	53	3.4%	5.6	11.5%	12.8%	193	49.7%	0.57	936
84th	1955–1957	438	53	3.4%	5.2	12.1%	13.7%	149	42.3%	0.57	1,028
83rd	1953–1955	441	53	2.5%	4.7	19.5%	20.6%	147	46.3%	0.55	781
82nd	1951–1953	448	52.5	2.2%	4.7	15.0%	18.8%	181	60.8%	0.56	607
81st	1949–1951	445	51	2.0%	4.5	23.8%	29.0%	275	50.9%	0.58	908
80th	1947–1949	449	52	1.6%	4.5	24.3%	27.4%	163	45.4%	0.50	906
79th	1945–1947	447	52	2.5%	4.6	17.0%	20.1%	231	48.1%	0.56	733
78th	1943–1945	451	51	1.8%	4.3	24.4%	27.3%	156	50.0%	0.53	568
77th	1941–1943	454	51	2.0%	4.2	17.4%	20.5%	152	43.4%	0.55	852
76th	1939–1941	458	51	1.7%	4.0	27.9%	30.6%	227	71.8%	0.54	892
75th	1937–1939	450	51	1.3%	3.9	23.1%	24.4%	158	63.9%	0.56	788
74th	1935–1937	444	52	1.4%	3.8	24.1%	26.8%	212	59.9%	0.56	849
73rd	1933–1935	447	53	1.6%	3.8	36.0%	39.4%	143	72.7%	0.59	486
72nd	1931–1933	453	55	1.5%	4.7	18.8%	22.7%	123	58.5%	0.63	429
71st	1929–1931	457	55	2.0%	4.6	17.5%	20.4%	103	59.2%	0.64	897
70th	1927–1929	444	54	1.1%	4.4	13.3%	15.3%	72	52.8%	0.66	1,009
69th	1925–1927	443	53	0.7%	4.0	16.7%	19.4%	114	43.9%	0.67	806
68th	1923–1925	454	52	0.2%	3.6	27.5%	33.3%	179	58.7%	0.69	595
67th	1921–1923	453	51	0.7%	3.6	26.5%	30.7%	362	59.7%	0.72	549
66th	1919–1921	455	50	0.0%	3.7	25.5%	27.7%	339	46.0%	0.73	375
65th	1917–1919	457	50	0.2%	3.7	19.9%	23.2%	266	44.7%	0.71	348
64th	1915–1917	444	49	0.0%	3.5	27.9%	32.7%	157	58.0%	0.73	399
63rd	1913–1915	454	48	0.0%	3.1	36.6%	38.3%	282	62.1%	0.71	373
62nd	1911–1913	409	50	0.0%	3.5	33.3%	35.0%	262	60.3%	0.73	426
61st	1909–1911	402	50	0.0%	3.8	21.6%	22.9%	202	79.7%	0.80	525
60th	1907–1909	401	49	0.0%	3.6	24.2%	27.4%	312	56.4%	0.81	325
59th	1905–1907	403	48	0.0%	3.5	22.3%	24.8%	136	73.5%	0.84	416
58th	1903–1905	400	48	0.0%	3.1	32.5%	35.5%	87	90.8%	0.81	264
57th	1901–1903	373	48	0.0%	3.1	26.8%	28.4%	185	67.0%	0.81	252
56th	1899–1901	377	47	0.0%	2.8	30.8%	33.7%	149	77.2%	0.80	383
55th	1897–1899	371	47	0.0%	2.6	39.4%	43.4%	183	80.3%	0.83	449
54th	1895–1897	372	48	0.0%	2.3	48.4%	51.6%	162	70.4%	0.85	356
53rd	1893–1895	378	48.5	0.0%	2.6	40.5%	45.0%	373	56.4%	0.78	374
52nd	1891–1893	347	49	0.0%	2.5	44.1%	48.4%	304	46.4%	0.75	347
51st	1889–1891	355	48	0.0%	2.8	37.7%	42.5%	587	83.0%	0.79	531
50th	1887–1889	331	48	0.0%	2.6	35.0%	40.2%	320	53.9%	0.78	508
49th	1885–1887	333	48	0.0%	2.5	36.9%	43.2%	306	66.3%	0.75	367
48th	1883–1885	344	48	0.0%	2.3	49.7%	56.4%	334	65.9%	0.72	219
47th	1881–1883	311	49	0.0%	2.5	32.2%	39.2%	349	78.6%	0.79	330
46th	1879–1881	301	48	0.0%	2.2	41.9%	46.2%	439	76.1%	0.79	288
45th	1877–1879	303	48	0.0%	2.1	43.9%	49.2%	377	73.7%	0.76	255
44th	1875–1877	309	47	0.0%	1.9	57.0%	62.8%	328	70.4%	0.73	251
43rd	1873–1875	307	47	0.0%	2.1	51.5%	59.0%	475	74.5%	0.71	No figure
42nd	1871–1873	254	46	0.0%	2.1	46.9%	52.8%	517	73.3%	0.68	514
41st	1869–1871	258	45	0.0%	2.1	48.4%	52.3%	634	73.5%	0.70	313
40th	1867–1869	234	46	0.0%	2.1	46.6%	51.3%	717	73.6%	0.67	226
39th	1865–1867	202	47	0.0%	2.0	42.6%	51.5%	613	73.7%	0.65	306
38th	1863–1865	190	45	0.0%	1.8	56.8%	63.2%	600	81.5%	0.65	318
37th	1861–1863	203	44	0.0%	1.9	52.2%	59.6%	638	71.9%	0.60	335
36th	1859–1861	245	42	0.0%	2.0	45.3%	51.8%	433	81.5%	0.73	131
35th	1857–1859	247	43	0.0%	2.1	45.3%	51.8%	548	72.4%	0.66	100
34th	1855–1857	238	43	0.0%	1.8	57.6%	62.6%	729	80.5%	0.75	128
33rd	1853–1855	242	42	0.0%	1.8	60.3%	65.3%	607	66.1%	0.57	161
32nd	1851–1853	239	42	0.0%	1.8	52.7%	58.6%	455	51.2%	0.59	113
31st	1849–1851	244	42	0.0%	2.0	52.9%	59.8%	572	73.8%	0.67	88
30th	1847–1849	238	42	0.0%	2.0	50.4%	57.6%	478	75.7%	0.58	142
29th	1845–1847	240	42	0.0%	1.9	49.2%	54.6%	642	76.9%	0.52	117
28th	1843–1845	236	41	0.0%	1.8	66.5%	75.4%	597	75.7%	0.53	No figure
27th	1841–1843	259	42	0.0%	2.4	37.8%	49.8%	974	79.6%	0.53	No figure
26th	1839–1841	257	42	0.0%	2.2	45.5%	53.3%	751	77.6%	0.51	No figure
25th	1837–1839	258	42	0.0%	2.2	48.1%	52.7%	475	69.3%	0.46	No figure
24th	1835–1837	255	43	0.0%	2.3	39.6%	44.7%	459	65.8%	0.36	No figure
23rd	1833–1835	258	43	0.0%	2.3	51.2%	57.8%	327	70.6%	0.46	No figure
22nd	1831–1833	218	43	0.0%	2.7	36.7%	41.7%	462	75.3%	0.58	No figure
21st	1829–1831	221	43	0.0%	2.6	41.6%	47.1%	273	67.0%	0.56	No figure
20th	1827–1829	222	42	0.0%	2.7	33.3%	40.1%	233	74.2%	0.50	0
19th	1825–1827	225	42	0.0%	2.4	39.1%	43.6%	111	63.1%	0.42	No figure
18th	1823–1825	221	41	0.0%	2.3	41.6%	49.3%	94	21.3%	0.24	No figure
17th	1821–1823	201	42	0.0%	2.3	45.8%	52.2%	95	16.8%	0.25	No figure
16th	1819–1821	201	41	0.0%	2.2	41.3%	49.8%	147	32.0%	0.29	No figure
15th	1817–1819	195	41	0.0%	2.0	58.5%	66.7%	106	45.3%	0.45	No figure
14th	1815–1817	199	42	0.0%	2.5	44.2%	51.8%	113	57.5%	0.64	No figure
13th	1813–1815	196	44.5	0.0%	2.4	51.5%	57.7%	352	86.1%	0.67	No figure
12th	1811–1813	147	45	0.0%	2.9	38.1%	44.2%	314	79.0%	0.69	No figure
11th	1809–1811	154	45	0.0%	2.8	35.1%	40.9%	293	71.0%	0.69	No figure
10th	1807–1809	149	44	0.0%	2.6	32.9%	36.2%	237	59.1%	0.70	0
9th	1805–1807	149	43	0.0%	2.4	36.9%	37.6%	158	57.0%	0.71	No figure
8th	1803–1805	150	44.5	0.0%	2.2	47.3%	53.3%	132	72.0%	0.71	No figure
7th	1801–1803	114	43	0.0%	2.3	40.4%	50.9%	142	78.9%	0.67	No figure
6th	1799–1801	114	43	0.0%	2.3	35.1%	41.2%	96	85.4%	0.69	No figure
5th	1797–1799	117	41	0.0%	2.1	42.7%	45.3%	155	83.9%	0.73	No figure
4th	1795–1797	115	41	0.0%	2.0	38.3%	41.7%	83	66.3%	0.70	No figure
3rd	1793–1795	110	42	0.0%	1.7	54.5%	58.2%	69	79.7%	0.66	No figure
2nd	1791–1793	72	42	0.0%	1.5	45.8%	45.8%	102	73.5%	0.56	No figure
1st	1789–1791	66	44	0.0%	1.0	No figure	No figure	109	59.6%	0.56	No figure

Download this table (CSV) · Download the Senate table (CSV)