The date the President signed it.
Presidential record · From the National Archives records of later actions
Executive Order 8970
Establishing Defensive Sea Areas at Portland, Maine; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; Boston, Massachusetts; Narragansett Bay; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; Columbia River Entrance; and Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound
Signed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt on December 11, 1941.
Later amendedThe Federal Register edition of the order.
This is the later action on file. It is not a broad legal conclusion.
Primary evidence
The official record
Open the government publication or archive entry we used for this file.
Cite this record
- Reference number
eo-8970- Permanent link
- https://powerandpolitics.co/cite/eo-8970
- Official source
- National Archives ↗
- Last checked
- Executive-order archive last refreshed from the Federal Register and National Archives
AP style
Power & Politics, "Executive Order 8970: Establishing Defensive Sea Areas at Portland, Maine; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; Boston, Massachusetts; Narragansett Bay; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; Columbia River Entrance; and Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound," last checked Oct. 27, 2026, citing National Archives, https://powerandpolitics.co/cite/eo-8970
APA
Power & Politics. (2026, October 27). Executive Order 8970: Establishing Defensive Sea Areas at Portland, Maine; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; Boston, Massachusetts; Narragansett Bay; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; Columbia River Entrance; and Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound [Executive order record]. Retrieved October 27, 2026, from https://powerandpolitics.co/cite/eo-8970
Chicago
Power & Politics. "Executive Order 8970: Establishing Defensive Sea Areas at Portland, Maine; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; Boston, Massachusetts; Narragansett Bay; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; Columbia River Entrance; and Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound." Last modified October 27, 2026. Accessed October 27, 2026. https://powerandpolitics.co/cite/eo-8970.
BibTeX
@misc{votefiles_eo_8970,
author = {{Power & Politics}},
title = {{Executive Order 8970: Establishing Defensive Sea Areas at Portland, Maine; Portsmouth, New Hampshire; Boston, Massachusetts; Narragansett Bay; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; Columbia River Entrance; and Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://powerandpolitics.co/cite/eo-8970}},
note = {Reference number eo-8970; official source: National Archives, https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/1941.html; last checked October 27, 2026; accessed October 27, 2026}
}Plain link
https://powerandpolitics.co/cite/eo-8970
Cite the official source for the underlying fact. Power & Politics reference number never changes for this record. AP, APA and Chicago are standard citation styles for news and academic writing, and BibTeX is the format reference-manager programs read.
The order itself
As signed
The complete text of the order.
Later record
What happened to this order
These notes list later amendments, revocations, replacing orders, or other Federal Register action.
The National Archives records of later actions cover January 8, 1937 to January 19, 2017.