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Independent · nonpartisan
Illustrative empty legislative chamber as neutral vote indicators resolve a recorded outcome
Senate recorded vote (95th Congress) · April 17, 1978

Recorded vote

TO AGREE TO A RESERVATION TO THE RESOLUTION OF RATIFICATION OF THE PANAMA CANAL TREATY. THE HOLLINGS-HEINZ RESERVATION STATES THAT AFTER TERMINATION OF THE TREATY, THE U.S. SHALL NOT BE OBLIGATED TO PAY ANY OF…

TreatyTaxes & tariffs
01
The question

The exact motion or nomination the chamber put to a vote.

02
The tally

The official yea, nay, present, and not-voting totals.

03
The people

Every member's recorded position linked directly to their file.

The official record
  • This vote predates the chambers' digital roll-call records (Senate begins 1989, House 1990). It is reproduced from the official Journals of Congress as compiled by Voteview (UCLA).
The tally

How the vote fell · we worked out this outcome from the vote counts (see sources)

The map

How each state's senators voted

In 48 states every senator on the roll voted yes; in 0 every one voted no; 2 were split. Each square is a state, placed roughly where it sits on the map. Select a state to see how each of its senators voted.

  • All yes
  • All no
  • Split
  • No yes or no vote
  1. Alaska: 1 yes, 1 no
  2. Maine: 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  3. Vermont: 2 yes, 0 no
  4. New Hampshire: 2 yes, 0 no
  5. Washington: 2 yes, 0 no
  6. Idaho: 2 yes, 0 no
  7. Montana: 2 yes, 0 no
  8. North Dakota: 2 yes, 0 no
  9. Minnesota: 2 yes, 0 no
  10. Illinois: 2 yes, 0 no
  11. Wisconsin: 2 yes, 0 no
  12. Michigan: 1 yes, 1 no
  13. New York: 2 yes, 0 no
  14. Rhode Island: 2 yes, 0 no
  15. Massachusetts: 2 yes, 0 no
  16. Oregon: 2 yes, 0 no
  17. Nevada: 2 yes, 0 no
  18. Wyoming: 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  19. South Dakota: 2 yes, 0 no
  20. Iowa: 2 yes, 0 no
  21. Indiana: 2 yes, 0 no
  22. Ohio: 2 yes, 0 no
  23. Pennsylvania: 2 yes, 0 no
  24. New Jersey: 2 yes, 0 no
  25. Connecticut: 2 yes, 0 no
  26. California: 2 yes, 0 no
  27. Utah: 2 yes, 0 no
  28. Colorado: 2 yes, 0 no
  29. Nebraska: 2 yes, 0 no
  30. Missouri: 2 yes, 0 no
  31. Kentucky: 2 yes, 0 no
  32. West Virginia: 2 yes, 0 no
  33. Virginia: 2 yes, 0 no
  34. Maryland: 2 yes, 0 no
  35. Delaware: 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  36. Arizona: 2 yes, 0 no
  37. New Mexico: 2 yes, 0 no
  38. Kansas: 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  39. Arkansas: 2 yes, 0 no
  40. Tennessee: 2 yes, 0 no
  41. North Carolina: 2 yes, 0 no
  42. South Carolina: 2 yes, 0 no
  43. District of Columbia: no member on this roll call
  44. Oklahoma: 2 yes, 0 no
  45. Louisiana: 2 yes, 0 no
  46. Mississippi: 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  47. Alabama: 2 yes, 0 no
  48. Georgia: 2 yes, 0 no
  49. Hawaii: 2 yes, 0 no
  50. Texas: 2 yes, 0 no
  51. Florida: 2 yes, 0 no

Numbers are yes–no. Members who did not vote, voted present, or were paired are counted in each state's list below.

Arkansas 2 yes, 0 no

Delaware 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Kansas 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Maine 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Mississippi 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

North Carolina 2 yes, 0 no

West Virginia 2 yes, 0 no

Wyoming 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Official records

Every vote, by name — 101 members

Select any member to pull their file.