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Power & PoliticsUnited States edition
Independent · nonpartisan
Illustrative empty legislative chamber as neutral vote indicators resolve a recorded outcome
Senate recorded vote (97th Congress) · February 24, 1981

Confirmation vote

TO CONFIRM THE NOMINATION OF WILLIAM P. CLARK, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE. (MOTION PASSED)

Nomination
01
The question

The exact motion or nomination the chamber put to a vote.

02
The tally

The official yea, nay, present, and not-voting totals.

03
The people

Every member's recorded position linked directly to their file.

The official record
  • This vote predates the chambers' digital roll-call records (Senate begins 1989, House 1990). It is reproduced from the official Journals of Congress as compiled by Voteview (UCLA).
The tally

How the vote fell · we worked out this outcome from the vote counts (see sources)

The map

How each state's senators voted

In 31 states every senator on the roll voted yes; in 7 every one voted no; 12 were split. Each square is a state, placed roughly where it sits on the map. Select a state to see how each of its senators voted.

  • All yes
  • All no
  • Split
  • No yes or no vote
  1. Alaska: 2 yes, 0 no
  2. Maine: 0 yes, 1 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  3. Vermont: 1 yes, 1 no
  4. New Hampshire: 2 yes, 0 no
  5. Washington: 2 yes, 0 no
  6. Idaho: 2 yes, 0 no
  7. Montana: 0 yes, 2 no
  8. North Dakota: 2 yes, 0 no
  9. Minnesota: 2 yes, 0 no
  10. Illinois: 1 yes, 1 no
  11. Wisconsin: 1 yes, 1 no
  12. Michigan: 0 yes, 2 no
  13. New York: 2 yes, 0 no
  14. Rhode Island: 2 yes, 0 no
  15. Massachusetts: 0 yes, 1 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  16. Oregon: 2 yes, 0 no
  17. Nevada: 2 yes, 0 no
  18. Wyoming: 2 yes, 0 no
  19. South Dakota: 2 yes, 0 no
  20. Iowa: 2 yes, 0 no
  21. Indiana: 2 yes, 0 no
  22. Ohio: 1 yes, 1 no
  23. Pennsylvania: 2 yes, 0 no
  24. New Jersey: 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  25. Connecticut: 1 yes, 1 no
  26. California: 2 yes, 0 no
  27. Utah: 2 yes, 0 no
  28. Colorado: 1 yes, 1 no
  29. Nebraska: 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  30. Missouri: 1 yes, 1 no
  31. Kentucky: 0 yes, 2 no
  32. West Virginia: 1 yes, 1 no
  33. Virginia: 2 yes, 0 no
  34. Maryland: 1 yes, 1 no
  35. Delaware: 1 yes, 1 no
  36. Arizona: 2 yes, 0 no
  37. New Mexico: 2 yes, 0 no
  38. Kansas: 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no
  39. Arkansas: 0 yes, 2 no
  40. Tennessee: 1 yes, 1 no
  41. North Carolina: 2 yes, 0 no
  42. South Carolina: 2 yes, 0 no
  43. District of Columbia: no member on this roll call
  44. Oklahoma: 1 yes, 1 no
  45. Louisiana: 2 yes, 0 no
  46. Mississippi: 2 yes, 0 no
  47. Alabama: 2 yes, 0 no
  48. Georgia: 2 yes, 0 no
  49. Hawaii: 0 yes, 2 no
  50. Texas: 2 yes, 0 no
  51. Florida: 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Numbers are yes–no. Members who did not vote, voted present, or were paired are counted in each state's list below.

Arkansas 0 yes, 2 no

Florida 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Kansas 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Massachusetts 0 yes, 1 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Maine 0 yes, 1 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Mississippi 2 yes, 0 no

Montana 0 yes, 2 no

North Carolina 2 yes, 0 no

North Dakota 2 yes, 0 no

Nebraska 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

New Jersey 1 yes, 0 no, 1 did not vote yes or no

Pennsylvania 2 yes, 0 no

South Dakota 2 yes, 0 no

West Virginia 1 yes, 1 no

On the record

Every vote, by name — 101 members

Select any member to pull their file.